Epidemiological transition theory (study population and development)

Epidemiological transition theory this refers to shift from infection to chronic disease that supposed accompanies modernization or epidemiological transition theory is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rate brought by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment followed by a relieving of population growth from subsequence declines in fertilities

Epidemiological transition is the account for the replacement of infection disease in chronic disease overtime due to expand of public health and sanitation also this theory is focused on related state or element in specified population  and the application of this study  to the control of heath problem that occur when the country undergoes the process of modernization from developing nation to the developed nation state. Development of modern heath care and medicine like antibiotics drastically reduce infant mortality rates and extends average life expectancy .The theory of epidemiological transition theory uses patterns of heath and disease as well as their forms of demographic, economical and sociological approach of population interaction of the cause and effect of population change as follows

Fertility and birth rate, this is the account for population change that occur through improve in health and medical services percentage of women married  at youngest age for example Sub  Saharan ,Asia then in Northern Africa hence increase in fertility rates also increase the rate of birth as  a result  for increase in of population through good social service for treatment of infection  or disease , also this epidemiological transition heath and disease lead to reduce population  for example  family planning  and health service  lead  to reduce  number of fertility in married women hence lead to reduce number of birth rate as a result for population change.

Life expectancy ,this is the number of years that an average  person  born in a given area my expect to live or the average age at which people die, in the epidemiological transition theory  the life expectancy increase  through the increase and improve of health service that help in cure by antibiotic of various infection disease that attack people in both  chronic and manmade disease as a result in treatment  of different disease that attack people in population hence increase in population through  good health service also in lack of health facilities service in  for example in rural area there is short life expectancy due to lack of skilled people concerning health service and medical care of disease  also lack of health  service such as  school and hospital as a result of short life expectancy

  Distribution, in population distribution refers to the way in which people are spread out across the earth surface , also it can be occurrence or non occurrence of people in a certain geographical units.  Distribution is uneven and changes over period of time , In epidemiological transition theory distribution occur due to health and disease patterns for example in area which has good health care for example hospital for treatment of infection disease  and school for provision of education concerning life style and measures to escape  infection disease for example AIDS is high in affection disease due to lack of knowledge concerning that disease as a result for high death, therefore area with good health service is high in number  due to good health service for example China is high in number of people due to good  social service compare to area where there is lack o social serve as a result for distribution of people in population.

  The age of receding, pandemics disease this disease is the cause of mortality rate at a certain age level. For example in child mortality rate and infant mortality rate in the child period there is lack of immunity  in the body that lead to be affected by deferent disease due to lack of immunity in the body of those child leading to death due to affected of disease such as malaria as well as ageing population has also affected by those disease during change from developing to developed this cause will be solved through building of good health service so as to treat  available disease such as malaria through mosquito net hence increase life expectancy as a result for increase in population

                       Mortality also is the factor for complex change in population, that is the occurrence of death in population that is cause complex change through disease people death  for example disease such as malaria, as infection disease to people as a result for complex change in population also generative disease also increase complex change in population for example disease such as  brain disease, heart disease , bone disease and macro disease that are manmade disease like AIDS  that will cause infection to people as a result to death, area with low infection disease population is high , compare to area with high infection disease like Africa as a result for high mortality. These are the patterns of health and disease, the interaction  between those patterns and there demographic and economic and sociological determinant and consequence discussed below as follows                  

Economical, this factor increase the variability of food as well as improve heath to the people through availability of food and surprise of good led to have good heath, hence their reproductive increase also in other hand there is lack of food due to the laziness of the people in economic activity or due to the climatic change that led to the occurrence of famine. 

Sociological factor, this factor involve the interaction of that can led the eruption of diseases such as TB due to the high number of people for instance in urban, people are easy to be affected from this disease compared to rural area. This is due to the availability of interaction of the large number of people 

In general, the epidemiological transition occur when the country undergo the process of modernization from the developed nations to developing nations. The development of modern heath, care and medicine like antibiotic, drastically reduce infant mortality rates and extends average life.